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. 2020 Nov 27;15:3105–3122. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S273497

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© 2020 Tashkin.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

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Relative bioavailability for glycopyrronium/formoterol combination versus glycopyrronium or formoterol monotherapy. Reprinted from International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Vol 13, Ferguson et al, Pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate delivered via metered-dose inhaler using co-suspension delivery technology in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD, pages 945–593, Copyright 2018, with permission from Dove Medical Press.²⁶

Abbreviations: AUC_0–12, area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours; C_max, maximum concentration achieved; FF, formoterol fumarate; GFF, glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate; GP, glycopyrronium; LSM, least squares mean; MDI, metered-dose inhaler.