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. 2020 Nov 18;11:610010. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610010

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Copyright © 2020 Genardi, Visvabharathy, Cao, Morgun, Cui, Qi, Chen, Gapin, Berdyshev and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Type II NKT cells produce MyD88-dependent CD1d-restricted IFN-γ to polar SA lipids. (A) List of SA lipid fractions, isolated from total SA lipids using silica gel column chromatography and chloroform-methanol gradient in order of increasing polarity, PG=phosphatidylglycerol, DPG= diacylphosphatidylglycerol, MGDG= monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. (B–D) ELISPOT of IFN-γ production by T cells enriched from 4 dpi Jα18^-/- liver lymphocytes: (B, C) MHC-II^-/- and MHC-II^-/-CD1d^-/- DCs or (D) B6 and MyD88^-/- DCs +/- IL-12 blocking antibody pulsed with total SA lipids and total SA lipid fractions (FR-1 to FR-9, 10 µg/ml pulsed overnight). (B) N=5–7 pooled mice, 2/3 replicates per condition, representative of 2 experiments. Statistical analysis: (B–D) 2-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.