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. 2020 Nov 18;10:605386. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605386

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Copyright © 2020 Montalvo-Casimiro, González-Barrios, Meraz-Rodriguez, Juárez-González, Arriaga-Canon and Herrera

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of the epigenetic landscape. Different compaction levels of chromatin are depicted, from naked DNA to the metaphasic chromosome. (A) Two dimers of H2A-H2B and a tetramer of H3-H4 histones are required for nucleosome assembly, the chromatin’s basic packaging unit (B) DNA methylation is a process carried out by DMNTs in CpG dinucleotides, particularly on CpG islands. This dynamic epigenetic mark can be reversed by enzymatic conversion. (C) Histone acetylation is performed on lysine residues by HAT enzyme complexes. In contrast, histone lysine deacetylation is carried out by HDACs enzyme complexes. (D) Histone lysine methylation is carried out by HMT complexes. Lysines can be processively methylated from mono to di and trimethylation.