Fig. 1. Correlation of microscopic examination with gross pathologic size and radiologic size of the primary tumor after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

a patients with pCR. b patients with MPR. c patients with pPR. d patients with pNR. Each line indicates one patient. Although the radiographic tumor size before and after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment is almost the same as that seen by gross pathologic measurement, it is far from the size of the RVT area observed under the microscope, especially in patients with pCR/MPR. Additionally, only approximately half of the patients with pCR/MPR showed partial response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the radiographic evaluation.