Table 2.
Annual PM2.5 Average and Global Measures of Whole Brain Estimates in the ABCD Study
| ROI | Coefficients | CI (95%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cortical Surface area | 276.6 | −1080.0 | 1633.1 | 0.689 |
| Mean Cortical Thickness | −0.004 | −0.013 | 0.006 | 0.457 |
| Whole Brain Volume | 669.5 | −3056.5 | 4395.4 | 0.725 |
| Subcortical Gray Matter Volume | 71.4 | −184.0 | 326.8 | 0.583 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume | −2.6 | −20.2 | 15.0 | 0.771 |
| Intracranial Volume | 1676.5 | −8846.2 | 12199.1 | 0.755 |
| All Ventricles Volume | −192.3 | −679.5 | 294.9 | 0.439 |
| Lateral Ventricles Volume | −219.9 | −686.3 | 246.5 | 0.355 |
| Cerebral White Matter Volume | 1256.2 | −871.1 | 3383.5 | 0.247 |
ROI, Region of Interest; β, Beta coefficient; CI, Confidence Interval.
Note: The models are based on main effects of PM2.5. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, neighborhood quality, parental higher education, total family income, parental employment status, imaging device manufacturer, handedness and intracranial volume for volumetric measures, including random intercepts for ABCD site and familial relationship (participants belonging to the same family). Models were scaled for PM2.5 using a fixed increment of 5 μg/m3