Table 1.
Description of the CANDLE and TIDES Study Participants.
| CANDLEa | TIDESb | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 987 | 494 | 1481 |
| Maternal Characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 26.7 ± 5.5 | 31.6 ± 5.3 | 28.3 ± 5.9 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 27.9 ± 7.8 | 26.1 ± 6.2 | 27.3 ± 7.3 |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| < High School | 100 (10.1) | 31 (6.3) | 131 (8.9) |
| High School | 463 (47.0) | 76 (15.4) | 539 (36.5) |
| College or Technical School Graduate | 306 (31.0) | 154 (31.3) | 460 (31.1) |
| ≥ Some Graduate/Professional | 117 (11.9) | 231 (47.0) | 348 (23.5) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Black | 608 (61.6) | 51 (10.4) | 659 (44.6) |
| White or Other | 379 (38.4) | 438 (89.6) | 817 (55.4) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 16 (1.6) | 43 (8.8) | 59 (4.0) |
| Non-Hispanic | 965 (98.4) | 447 (91.2) | 1412 (96.0) |
| Prenatal Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 88 (8.9) | 21 (4.3) | 109 (7.4) |
| No | 898 (91.1) | 468 (95.7) | 1366 (92.6) |
| Prior Live Births, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 392 (39.7) | 263 (53.8) | 655 (44.4) |
| 1 + | 595 (60.3) | 226 (46.2) | 821 (55.6) |
| History of asthma, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 178 (18.2) | 74 (15.1) | 252 (17.2) |
| No | 798 (81.8) | 416 (84.9) | 1214 (82.8) |
| Child Characteristics | |||
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 493 (49.9) | 230 (46.6) | 723 (48.8) |
| Female | 494 (50.1) | 264 (53.4) | 758 (51.2) |
| Gestational Age (weeks), mean ± SD | 38.9 ± 1.3 | 39.3 ± 1.7 | 39.1 ± 1.5 |
| Moderate-to-late pretermc, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 66 (6.7) | 47 (9.5) | 113 (7.6) |
| No | 921 (93.3) | 447 (90.5) | 1368 (92.4) |
| Age at ISAAC (years), mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
| Child Outcomes | |||
| Current Wheeze, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 187 (19.0) | 47 (9.6) | 234 (15.8) |
| No | 798 (81.0) | 445 (90.4) | 1243 (84.2) |
| Current Asthma, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 155 (15.7) | 28 (5.7) | 183 (12.3) |
| No | 832 (84.3) | 466 (94.3) | 1298 (87.7) |
| Ever Asthma, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 144 (14.6) | 38 (7.7) | 182 (12.3) |
| No | 840 (85.4) | 456 (92.3) | 1296 (87.7) |
SD: standard deviation; ISAAC: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood; a missing data: maternal body mass index = 3; maternal education, n = 1; maternal ethnicity, n = 6; maternal prenatal smoking, n = 1; maternal history of asthma, n = 11; child current wheeze, n = 2; child ever asthma, n = 3b missing data: maternal body mass index = 3; maternal education, n = 2; maternal race, n = 5; maternal ethnicity, n = 4; maternal prenatal smoking, n = 5; maternal parity, n = 5; maternal history of asthma, n = 4; child current wheeze, n = 2c moderate-to-late preterm: estimated gestational age 32 to < 37 weeks