Table 1.

Summary of question categories of the survey questionnaire used for the study (Please refer to Appendix 1 in SI for the complete questionnaire)

Category	Variables	Additional information
Deforestation	Presence, percentage, Severity, future trends	Deforestation within the landscape (10 year time scale)
Forest degradation	Presence, causes
Agricultural encroachment	Presence	Encroachment through commercial or/and subsistence agriculture
Commercial agriculture as a driver of deforestation	Top 3 commercial commodities, severity, percentage, future trends, market destination, principal actors	Market destination (domestic, international etc.), principal actors (small holders, medium-sized enterprise, large-scale or industrial), severity (scale of 1–5)
Subsistence agriculture as a driver of deforestation	Top 3 subsistence commodities, severity, percentage, future trends
Drivers of deforestation	Severity, percentage, future trends	Drivers include infrastructure development, charcoal making (commercial), charcoal making (subsistence), mineral extraction, oil exploration/production, forest fires (natural), forest fires (manmade), agriculture, settlement expansion
Land tenure	Percentage, security of tenure	Tenures include public land (government administered), public land (designated for community use), private land (community owned), private land (individuals or firms), disputed land
Conservation actions	Past and present actions, potential recommendations	Conservation actions include site/area protection, resource and habitat protection, site/area management etc.