Table 2. Solutions and solvents for sample extraction for PESI, dPESI, sfPESI and ad-sfPESI.
| Method | Sample | Solvent for extraction | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| PESI | |||
| (+) | 10−5 M gramicidin S+melittin in H2O | 11 | |
| 10−4 M cytochrome c+gramicidin S +10−2M AcONH4 in H2O | |||
| 10−4 M cytochrome c +10−2M AcOH in H2O | |||
| 10−5 M insulin +0.1%TFA in H2O | |||
| 0.2 g/L PEG 2000+10−3 M NaCl inH2O | |||
| Soft drink | |||
| (+) | 10−5 M gramicidin S+10−2M AcONH4 in H2O | 24 | |
| 10−6M gramicidin S+10−2M AcONH4 in H2O | |||
| 10−6M gramicidin S+0.1% AcOH in H2O | |||
| 10−5 bovine insulin +0.1% AcOH in H2O | |||
| (+) | human milk, cow’s milk, beer, banana, onion, mouse brain, flower petal | 48 | |
| (+) | mouse urine, serum, homogenized liver | 23 | |
| (+) | tulip bulb, tulip petal | 41 | |
| (+) | 4.8×10−5 M myoglobin+glacial AcOH in H2O/MeOH(75/25) | 32 | |
| 10−5 M gramicidin S in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(1/1/0.0025)+D2O/CH3OD | |||
| 10−2 M benzaldehyde in H2O/MeOH(3/7)+10−1 M ethanolamine in H2O/MeOH(3/7) | |||
| (+) | 10−5M gramicidin S+1% AcOH +1 M NaCl in MeOH/H2O(25/75) | 12 | |
| 10−5M myoglobin +0–4 M urea in MeOH/H2O(25/75) | |||
| 10−5M myoglobin +5–500 mM NaCl in MeOH/H2O(25/75) | |||
| 10−5M myoglobin +5–500 mM K3PO4 in MeOH/H2O(25/75) | |||
| 10−5M gramicidin S+0–1 M K3PO4 in MeOH/H2O(25/75) | |||
| (+) | 10−3 M Triton X100+10−5 M cytochrome c in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(74/25/1) | 13 | |
| 1.5×10−2 M NaCl +10−5 M insulin in H2O/MeOH/AcOH (74/25/1) | |||
| 10−5 M cytochrome c +10−5 M L-α-phosphatidylcholin (egg yolk) in H2O/MeOH/AcOH (74/25/1) | |||
| human breast cancer | 10 μL H2O/MeOH/AcOH (50/50/1) dropped on the tissue | ||
| (+) | 10−5 M gramicidin S+1 M NaCl in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(75/25/1) | 49 | |
| 10−5 M gramicidin S+1 M phosphate buffer in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(75/25/1) | |||
| 10−5 M myoglobin +250 mM NaCl in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(75/25/1) | |||
| 10−5 M myoglobin +4 M urea in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(75/25/1) | |||
| 10−5 M myoglobin +250 mM phosphate buffer in H2O/MeOH/AcOH(75/25/1) | |||
| (+) | clear cell renal cellcarcinoma (homogenized in 0.9% aqueous NaCl) | 34 | |
| (+, −) | 10−4 rhenium organo metalics in MeOH | 50 | |
| (+) | illicit drugs in urine, oral fluid, plasma | 51 | |
| (+) | 0.4 M copper(II)+3.0 M lactate +3.7 M NaOH in H2O | 28 | |
| (−) | 10−5 M insulin, cytocrome c, ubiquitin in H2O/2-PrOH(1/1) | 52 | |
| 10−6 M angiotensin II, 5´10−6 M angiotensin I, gramicidin S, Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp, | |||
| 5×10−6 M angiotensin I, gramicidin S, Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys, substance P, | |||
| in H2O/2-PrOH(1/1) | |||
| 10 ppm L-α-phosphatidylinositol, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine | |||
| in H2O/2-PrOH(1/1) | |||
| cancerous human colon | 10 μL H2O/2-PrOH dropped on the tissue | ||
| (+) | 5×10−5 M cholesterol +10−5 M cytochrome c in H2O/MeOH/FA(1/1/0.001) | 53 | |
| (+) | sobean, walnut | 10 μL H2O/MeOH dropped on the surface | 54 |
| (+) | mouse brain (imaging) | 160°C H2O or H2O/MeCN(7/3) vapor | 30 |
| (+) | liver of control/steatotic mice | 160°C chloroform/MeOH (7/3) vapor | 33 |
| (+) | pepsin/tripsin +10−5 M cytochrome c in H2O (pH=1–8) | 120°C H2OMeCN(1/1) vapor | 31 |
| (+) | normal/cancer kidney | 150°C H2O/MeCN(1/1) vapor | 55 |
| (+) | single cell (rhodendron petal, soybean sprout) | H2O/MeCN(1/1) micro droplets, piezo inkjet generator | 39 |
| dPESI | |||
| (+) | tomato, spinach, onion, salmon flesh, cow’s milk, yogurt, soybean milk | H2O/MeOH(1/1) | 14 |
| sfPESI | |||
| (+) | tablets, bill, fruits, potato, narcotics, 100 pg–100 ng for codeine (linear relation) | MeOH | 56 |
| (+) | acephate, chlothianidin, acetamiprid, thiophanate-methyl on living plants | H2O/MeCN/FA(1/1/0.001) | 57 |
| (+) | ball point pen, coffee powder, tablets, rice grain, narcotics, dried rhodamine B | H2O/MeOH/MeCN(1/1/1) | 15 |
| (+) | fresh blood, saliva and urine, dried blood | H2O/EtOH(1/1) | 58 |
| (+) | strawberry, browning apple, onion (scales, root, leaf) | H2O/MeOH(1/1) | 46 |
| (+) (robotic) | commercial vegetable, orange and refreshing drink prepared in a multiwell plate | H2O/MeOH(1/1) | 47 |
| ad-sfPESI | |||
| (+) | apple, strawberry, tomato (leaf, stem, premature, ripened), camellia, sweet potato, apricot (premature, ripened, seed), orange (oil gland, juice), potato (sprout, flesh, leaf) | H2O/MeOH(1/1) | 16 |
AcOH: acetic acid, TFA: trifluoroacetic acid, AcONH4: ammonium acetate, MeOH: methanol, EtOH: ethanol, 2-PrOH: 2-propanol, MeCN: acetonitrile, FA: formic acid, (+): positive mode, (−): negative mode.