. 2020 Nov 23;7:1571–1577. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.008

Table 2.

Protective effects of various treatments against GO-induced ROS formation in rat renal cells.

Treatment	ROS formation (fluorescence intensity)
Treatment	15 min	30 min	60 min
Control isolated renal cells	47 ± 3	55 ± 2	62 ± 4
+GO (5 mM)	62 ± 5^a	75 ± 3^a	95 ± 4^a
+Resveratrol (50 μM)	57 ± 3	62 ± 4^b	71 ± 3^b
+Curcumin (5 μM)	54 ± 5	56 ± 3^b	67 ± 5^b
+Gallic acid (10 μM)	51 ± 3^b	56 ± 5^b	73 ± 3^b
+DMSO (150 mM)	50 ± 5^b	61 ± 3^b	75 ± 6^b
+Mannitol (50 mM)	48 ± 4^b	63 ± 4^b	76 ± 4^b
+Carnitine (2 mM)	42 ± 3^b	59 ± 2^b	72 ± 5^b
+L-Glutamine (1 mM)	49 ± 3^b	67 ± 3^b	78 ± 5^b
+Chloroquine (100 mM)	54 ± 4	64 ± 5^b	81 ± 3^b

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three separate experiments (n = 3).

Significantly different from the control renal cells (P < 0.05).

Significantly different from the GO-treated renal cells (P < 0.05). GO: glyoxal; ROS: reactive oxygen species; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide and SD: standard deviation.