. 2020 Nov 23;7:1571–1577. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.008

Table 3.

Protective effects of various treatments against GO-induced mitochondrial membrane potential decline in rat renal cells.

Treatment	Percentage of mitochondrial membrane potential decline
Treatment	15 min	30 min	60 min
Control isolated renal cells	8 ± 2	12 ± 1	17 ± 2
+GO (5 mM)	26 ± 3^a	37 ± 4^a	44 ± 4^a
+Resveratrol (50 μM)	12 ± 2^b	26 ± 2^b	34 ± 3^b
+Curcumin (5 μM)	14 ± 2^b	28 ± 3^b	33 ± 2^b
+Gallic acid (10 μM)	21 ± 3	26 ± 2^b	35 ± 4^b
+DMSO (150 mM)	15 ± 3^b	22 ± 3^b	36 ± 3^b
+Mannitol (50 mM)	16 ± 2^b	22 ± 1^b	29 ± 2^b
+Carnitine (2 mM)	11 ± 3^b	27 ± 3^b	33 ± 4^b
+L-Glutamine (1 mM)	18 ± 1^b	25 ± 4^b	32 ± 2^b
+Chloroquine (100 mM)	23 ± 3	28 ± 2^b	31 ± 3^b

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three separate experiments (n = 3).

Significantly different from the control renal cells (P < 0.05).

Significantly different from the GO-treated renal cells (P < 0.05). GO: glyoxal; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide and SD: standard deviation.