. 2020 Nov 23;7:1571–1577. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.008

Table 4.

Protective effects of various treatments against GO- induced lysosomal membrane leakiness in rat renal cells.

Treatment	Percentage of acridine orange redistribution
Treatment	15 min	30 min	60 min
Control isolated renal cells	5 ± 1	7 ± 1	12 ± 2
+GO (5 mM)	19 ± 2^a	25 ± 3^a	39 ± 2^a
+Resveratrol (50 μM)	9 ± 1^b	12 ± 2^b	18 ± 2^b
+Curcumin (5 μM)	11 ± 2^b	14 ± 2^b	24 ± 4^b
+ Gallic acid (10 μM)	11 ± 1^b	13 ± 2^b	19 ± 3^b
+Dimethyl sulfoxide (150 mM)	13 ± 2^b	16 ± 1^b	23 ± 3^b
+Mannitol (50 mM)	12 ± 1^b	15 ± 2^b	21 ± 2^b
+Carnitine (2 mM)	3 ± 1^b	9 ± 2^b	16 ± 2^b
+L-Glutamine (1 mM)	11 ± 2^b	17 ± 2^b	21 ± 1^b
+Chloroquine (100 mM)	7 ± 1^b	11 ± 3^b	18 ± 3^b

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three separate experiments (n = 3).

Significantly different from the control renal cells (P < 0.05).

Significantly different from the GO-treated renal cells (P < 0.05). GO: glyoxal; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide and SD: standard deviation.