Table 2.
Effects of NHF and NIV on sleep outcomes in NMD patients at night
| Duration of intervention, min [%TIB] | No treatment (n = 16) | NHF 20 (n = 16) | p1) | NHF 50 (n = 11) | p1) | NIV (n = 16) | p1) | p2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115.5 (91.0–126.0) [24.4 (20.0–29.0)] |
124.0 (111.5–138.5) [27.6 (26.7–30.0)] |
n.s. | 88.5 (60.0–102.5) [18.6 (0.0–21.3)] |
n.s. | 136.0 (112.5–199.5) [28.1 (24.3–40.6)] | n.s. | 0.001§ | |
| Sleep outcomes | ||||||||
| TST (% of intervention period) | 74.2 (53.7–84.4) | 63.7 (42.7–80.9) | n.s. | 45.6 (1.7–69.4) | 0.004 | 72.9 (57.9–85.0) | n.s. | 0.001§ |
| N1 (% of intervention period) | 4.6 (2.6–7.2) | 3.9 (1.6–10.1) | - | 3.0 (1.5–5.4) | - | 2.3 (1.7–3.1) | - | n.s.§ |
| N2 (% of intervention period) | 23.6 (17.7–32.3) | 33.2 (20.1–36.1) | - | 26.3 (0.0–34.1) | - | 32.9 (24.5–48.5) | - | n.s. |
| N3 (% of intervention period) | 26.8 (24–34.5) | 9.9 (0.0–25.4) | 0.019 | 2.9 (0.0–25.0) | 0.014 | 17.5 (10.7–28.9) | n.s. | 0.023§ |
| REM (% of intervention period) | 2.6 (0.0–17.2) | 9.7 (0.6–14.1) | n.s. | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | n.s. | 13.1 (7.3–15.8) | n.s. | 0.001§ |
| Sleep efficiency, % TST/TIB | 63.7 (55.9–91.0) | 60.7 (39.7–84.7) | - | 55.9 (11.5–76.1) | - | 74.5 (53.0–92.5) | - | n.s.§ |
| Arousal index, /h | 14.5 (8.7–21.3) | 18.6 (13.2–36.5) | - | 15.2 (9.9–56.1) | - | 10.6 (8.0–16.6) | - | n.s.§ |
| Resp arousals, /h | 1.8 (0.0–6.3) | 2.5 (1.4–17.1) | - | 0.0 (0.0–19.4) | - | 0.6 (0.0–2.1) | - | n.s.§ |
Values are expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range (in brackets). Post hoc testing was not performed when results of multigroup comparisons were non-significant
NHF nasal high flow, NIV non-invasive ventilation, TIB time in bed, TST total sleep time, N3 slow wave sleep, REM rapid eye movement sleep
1)p values for comparison with baseline values (“no treatment”) using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
2)p values for comparison between all groups/variables
§Kruskal-Wallis test