Table 4.
Effect of NHF and NIV on sympathovagal balance and haemodynamics during stable N2 sleep in NMD patients
| No treatment (n = 16) | NHF 20 (n = 16) | p1) | NHF 50 (n = 7) | p1) | NIV (n = 14) | p1) | p2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sympathovagal balance | ||||||||
| HFnuRRI, % | 44.8 ± 20.4 | 48.3 ± 21.7 | – | 43.7 ± 18.9 | – | 44.2 ± 22.3 | – | n.s.& |
| LFnuRRI, % | 55.2 ± 20.4 | 51.7 ± 21.7 | – | 56.3 ± 18.9 | – | 55.8 ± 22.3 | – | n.s.& |
| LF/HF RRI | 1.1(0.9–3.2) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | – | 1.3 (1.2–2.1) | – | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | – | n.s.& |
| HFnudBPV, % | 15.3 ± 6.8 | 13.5 ± 6.7 | – | 14.3 ± 6.4 | – | 11.2 ± 7.5 | – | n.s.& |
| LFnudBPV, % | 45.3 ± 10.0 | 46.3 ± 11.7 | – | 40.9 ± 15.8 | – | 43.5 ± 12.1 | – | n.s.& |
| LF/HF dBPV | 3.4 (1.7–5.0) | 4.0 (2.2–5.8) | – | 2.5 (1.8–4.2) | – | 4.4 (2.7–7.3) | – | n.s.& |
| BRS slope | ||||||||
| Up event counts | 11.5 ± 8.5 | 13.1 ± 7.6 | – | 17.3 ± 8.3 | – | 11.5 ± 7.6 | – | n.s.& |
| Up events, ms/mmHg | 14.8 ± 8.4 | 20.7 ± 14.7 | – | 27.0 ± 14.5 | – | 14.8 ± 14.1 | – | n.s.& |
| Down event counts | 17.9 ± 12.9 | 20.3 ± 13.4 | – | 26.0 ± 9.8 | – | 11.6 ± 7.9 | – | n.s.& |
| Down events, ms/mmHg | 15.5 ± 10.81 | 23.5 ± 22.4 (10.3–24.8) | – | 29.4 ± 18.5 | – | 16.4 ± 24.2 | – | n.s.& |
| Haemodynamic parameters | ||||||||
| Heart rate, min−1 | 63.6 ± 10.5 | 62.9 ± 8.5 | – | 57.9 ± 17.1 | – | 61.2 ± 7.5 | – | n.s.& |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 102.3 ± 19.7 | 102.3 ± 17.2 | – | 97.2 ± 21.2 | – | 100.7 ± 21.4 | – | n.s.& |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 65.9 ± 16.4 | 65.5 ± 14.0 | – | 60.9 ± 12.5 | – | 61.9 ± 17.5 | – | n.s.& |
| Stroke volume index, ml/beat/m2 L/m2 | 33.5 ± 10.0 | 32.5 ± 8.7 | – | 32.6 ± 8.5 | – | 33.4 ± 10.1 | – | n.s.§ |
| Cardiac index, L/min/ m2 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | – | 1.9 ± 0.3 | – | 2.0 ± 0.4 | – | n.s.§ |
| TPRI, dyne·s m2 cm−5 | 3253.9 ± 1259.0 | 3363.2 ± 1165.0 | – | 3155.4.8 ± 862.6 | – | 3274.7 ± 1243.2 | – | n.s.§ |
Values are expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range (in brackets) for sleep segments of 10-min duration taken from stable N2 sleep with sinus rhythm. Post hoc tests were not performed when results of multigroup comparisons were non-significant. Analysis of BRS data is based on 9/12 patients for up events and 10/12 patients for down events, respectively
NHF nasal high flow, NIV non-invasive ventilation, BRS baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (up events and down events), HFnudBPV high-frequency component of diastolic blood pressure variability, HFnuRRI high-frequency component of heart rate variability, LFnudBPV low-frequency component of diastolic blood pressure variability, LF/HF dBPV relative ratio of low frequency and high frequency component of diastolic blood pressure variability, LFnuRRI low-frequency component of heart rate variability, LF/HF RRI relative ratio of low-frequency and high-frequency component of heart rate variability, n.s. not statistically significant, TPRI total peripheral resistance index
1)p values for comparison with baseline values (“no treatment”) using either the paired t test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate
2)p value for comparison between all groups/variables
§Kruskal-Wallis test
&Univariate ANOVA