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. 2020 Dec 1;11:6149. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19918-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — PBMCs from healthy controls (HC; n = 6), At-Risk individuals (At-Risk; n = 4), and SLE patients (n = 7) were cultured for 18 h in the absence or presence of IL-3 (10 ng/mL). The cells were then stimulated by TLR9 (ODN 2216) or TLR7 (ORN R-2336) agonists for six additional hours. The production of cytokines was measured by intracellular staining. a IL-3 significantly enhanced TLR9-mediated IFN-α production by pDCs of healthy controls (P < 0.0001); this effect was not seen in pDCs of At-Risk (P = 0.94) and SLE (P = 0.53) patients. b IL-3 significantly enhanced TLR7-mediated IFN-α production by pDCs of healthy controls (P < 0.0001); this effect was not that prominent in pDCs of At-Risk (P = 0.71) and SLE (P = 0.43) patients. c Treatment with IL-3 (10 ng/mL) induced the production of IL-6 by pDCs of both healthy controls and SLE patients without exogenous TLR stimulation. d No difference was found in IL-6 production by the pDCs of healthy controls, At-Risk individuals, and SLE patients after stimulation with IL-3. The production of IL-6 was detected by intracellular staining. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001; ns = not significant. Two-way ANOVA (a–d).