Table 3.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), based on 1023 permutations, for 24 accessions without grouping, and for 21 accessions by grouping them according to altitudinal range or regions of origin.

Source of Variation	DF	Sum of Squares	Variance Components	Percentage of Variation	Fixation Indices	Probability (p) Value
Among accessions	23	1078.2	1.019 Va	4.52	FST = 0.045	Va & FST < 0.0001
Among individuals within accessions	259	5921.0	1.321 Vb	5.86	FIS = 0.061	Vb & FIS < 0.0001
Within individuals	283	5722.0	20.219 Vc	89.63	FIT = 0.104	Vc & FIT < 0.0001
Total	565	12,721.3	22.556
a Among alt groups	2	97.9	0.026 Va	0.12	FCT = 0.001	Va & FCT = 0.1935
Among accessions within alt groups	18	800.1	1.015 Vb	4.67	FSC = 0.047	Vb & FSC < 0.0001
Within accessions	471	9746.7	20.694 Vc	95.21	FST = 0.048	Vc & FST < 0.0001
Total	491	10,644.8	21.735
b Among regions-I	5	217.0	−0.027 Va	−0.12	FCT = −0.001	Va & FCT = 0.6715
Among accessions within regions-I	15	681.0	1.056 Vb	4.86	FSC = 0.048	Vb & FSC < 0.0001
Within accessions	471	9746.7	20.694 Vc	95.26	FST = 0.047	Vc & FST < 0.0001
Total	491	10,644.8	21.723
c Among regions-II	1	55.4	0.044 Va	0.20	FCT = 0.002	Va & FCT = 0.047
Among accessions within regions-II	19	842.6	1.011 Vb	4.65	FSC = 0.047	Vb & FSC < 0.0001
Within accessions	471	9746.7	20.694 Vc	95.15	FST = 0.048	Vc & FST < 0.0001
Total	491	10,644.8	21.723

Note: 21 of the 24 accessions were grouped according to region or altitudinal (alt) range or origin. The two cultivars and the breeding population were excluded from the grouping, as they cannot be placed in any of the groups. ^a The 21 accessions were grouped into three altitudinal groups: 1400–1680 m above sea level (masl), 1820–1968 masl, and 2045–2590 masl. ^b The 21 accessions were grouped into six regions (regions-I), and ^c the 21 accessions were grouped into two regions (regions-II) (Table S1).