Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Test Cohort.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 201) | Cases (n = 68 [34%]) | Controls (n = 133 [66%]) | ||
| Age, median, y | 45 (23-73) | 45 (23-65) | 45 (25-73) | .27 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 170 (85) | 60 (88) | 110 (82) | .21 |
| Female | 31 (15) | 8 (12) | 23 (18) | |
| BMI, median (range) | 3.1 (12.7-30.1) | 3.04 (12.8-25.1) | 3.15 (12.7-30.1) | .15 |
| DM status | ||||
| DM | 116 (58) | 42 (61) | 74 (56) | .41 |
| No DM | 85 (42) | 26 (39) | 59 (44) | |
| CXR score, median (range) | 38 (2-130) | 38 (5-130) | 37 (2-125) | .19 |
| Cavity | ||||
| Yes | 54 (26) | 18 (26) | 36 (26) | .94 |
| No | 118 (59) | 40 (59) | 78 (59) | |
| Unknown | 29 (15) | 10 (15) | 19 (15) | |
| Smear gradea | ||||
| 1+ | 126 (63) | 36 (53) | 90 (67) | .06 |
| 2+ | 67 (33) | 27 (40) | 40 (30) | |
| 3+ | 8 (4) | 5 (7) | 3 (3) | |
| Culture gradeb | ||||
| 1+ | 86 (43) | 25 (37) | 61 (47) | .16 |
| 2+ | 36 (18) | 10 (15) | 26 (19) | |
| 3+ | 79 (39) | 33 (48) | 46 (34) | |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||
| Yes | 73 (36) | 25 (36) | 48 (36) | .93 |
| No | 128 (64) | 43 (64) | 85 (64) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | .03 | |||
| Current | 61 (30) | 28 (41) | 33 (25) | |
| Former | 40 (20) | 14 (21) | 26 (20) | |
| No, never | 100 (50) | 26 (38) | 74 (55) | |
| Alcoholism | ||||
| Yes | .47 | |||
| Current | 105 (52) | 39 (58) | 66 (50) | |
| Former | 38 (19) | 13 (19) | 25 (18) | |
| No, never | 58 (29) | 16 (23) | 42 (32) | |
| Education | ||||
| Educated | 160 (80) | 53 (78) | 107 (80) | .68 |
| Uneducated | 41 (20) | 15 (22) | 26 (20) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Unemployed | 14 (7) | 4 (6) | 10 (7) | .56 |
| Unskilled worker | 102 (51) | 40 (59) | 62 (47) | |
| Skilled worker | 53 (26) | 16 (24) | 37 (28) | |
| Business or professional | 11 (6) | 3 (4) | 8 (6) | |
| Retired or housewife | 21 (10) | 5 (7) | 16 (12) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CXR, chest radiograph; DM, diabetes mellitus.
a
Under 200× magnification, 1+ indicates 3 to 24 acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 1 field; 2+, 25 to 250 AFB in 1 field; and 3+, more than 250 AFB in 1 field.
b
Under 200× magnification, 1+ indicates 10 to 100 colonies; 2+, more than 100 to 200 colonies; and 3+, more than 200 colonies.