Table 3.
Active and passive immunotherapeutic [122].
| Name | Mechanism | Phase of Clinical Trial |
|---|---|---|
| ACI-24 | Cause production of antibodies against Aβ without activating inflammatory cells. | Phase 1 |
| ACI-35 | Liposome based vaccine which generates antibodies against phosphorylated tau. | Phase 1 |
| ABvac40 | Targets C-terminus of Aβ40 | Phase 2 |
| AADvac-1 | Consist of Peptide (KDNIKHVPGGGS) which generate antibodies against tau. | Phase 3 |
| CAD106 | Virus based active vaccine which target Aβ without activating T cells. | Phase 2 |
| LuAF20513 (engineered mixed peptide antigen) |
Generate anti Aβ antibodies without microglial activation. | Phase 1 |
| DNA based vaccine | Translation of Aβ based DNA leads to generation of antibodies. | Early stage of development |
| Passive Immunotherapeutic | ||
| Drug | Mechanism | Phase of Clinical Trials |
| Aducanumab | Monoclonal antibody against Aβ | Phase 3 |
| Crenezumab | Humanised monoclonal antibody which mainly identifies polymorphic form of Aβ | Phase 3 |
| Gantenerumab | Binds to Aβ and induce phagocytosis by activating microglia. | Phase 3 |
| BAN2401 | Preferentially binds to soluble photofibrils of Aβ | Phase 2 |
| Bapineuzumab (Humanised form of murine monoclonal antibody) |
Target N- terminal region of Aβ | Failed in clinical trials |
| Solanczumab | Targets monomeric and non-fibrillary form of Aβ peptides | Phase 3 |
| BIIB092 | Targets N terminal fragment of tau | Phase 2 |
| C2N 8E12 | Targets extracellular tau aggregates. | Phase 2 |