Table 2.

Work-Family Conflict Items^a

Scale Questions	Mean ± SD
Time-based work interference with family
1: My work keeps me from my family activities more than I would like.	4.0 ± 0.90
2: The time I must devote to my job keeps me from participating equally in household responsibilities and activities.	3.6 ± 1.2
3: I have to miss family activities due to the amount of time I must spend on work responsibilities.	4.0 ± 0.94
Time-based family interference with work
4: The time I spend on family responsibilities often interferes with my work responsibilities.	2.3 ± 1.0
5: The time I spend with my family often causes me not to spend time in activities at work that could be helpful to my career.	2.3 ± 1.1
6: I have to miss work activities due to the amount of time I must spend on family responsibilities.	1.9 ± 0.93
Strain-based work interference with family
7: When I get home from work I am often too frazzled to participate in family activities or responsibilities.	2.7 ± 1.1
8: I am often so emotionally drained when I get home from work that it prevents me from contributing to my family.	2.7 ± 1.2
9: Due to all the pressures at work, sometimes when I come home, I am too stressed to do the things I enjoy.	3.0 ± 1.2
Strain-based family interference with work
10: Due to stress at home, I am often preoccupied with family matters at work.	2.2 ± 1.0
11: Because I am often stressed from family responsibilities, I have a hard time concentrating on my work.	2.0 ± 0.96
12: Tension and anxiety from my family life often weakens my ability to do my job.	1.8 ± 0.90
Behavior-based work interference with family
13: The problem-solving behaviors I use in my job are not effective in resolving problems at home.	2.4 ± 1.1
14: Behavior that is effective and necessary for me at work would be counterproductive at home.	2.5 ± 1.1
15: The behaviors I perform that make me effective at work do not help me to be a better parent and spouse.	2.4 ± 1.1
Behavior-based family interference with work
16: The behaviors that work for me at home do not seem to be effective at work.	2.4 ± 1.1
17: Behavior that is effective and necessary for me at home would be counterproductive at work.	2.3 ± 1.0
18: The problem-solving behaviors that work for me at home does not seem to be as useful at work.	2.4 ± 1.0

^aWork-Family Conflict 18-item scale (Carlson et al 2000²³); 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Instrument is presented in its original format.