Table 2.
Selected studies exploring links between mitochondrial dysfunction and ovarian function
| Sample group | Observation | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Human | mtDNA mutations in diabetic women with PCOS. | (117) |
| mtDNA mutations and low mtDNA copy number in women with PCOS. | (11, 126) | |
| Higher levels of ROS in GCs from women with PCOS, reduced IVF-ET pregnancies. | (127) | |
| Decreased GSH and increased DNA damage in blood cells from women with PCOS. | (128) | |
| Reviews on role of mitochondria in reproduction and use of mitochondrial replacement therapies. | (113, 134) | |
| Ooplasmic transfer from fertile donor oocytes led to successful births but heteroplasmy was observed. | (140) | |
| Monogenic mitochondrial disorders associated with POI. | (6, 141-149) | |
| Cytoplasm transfer into oocytes from IVF recipients with history of poor embryo quality allowed successful fertilization. | (150) | |
| Rodent | POLG mitochondrial mutator mice accumulate mtDNA mutations and have a premature infertility phenotype. | (121, 122) |
| Resveratrol supplementation improved number and quality of oocytes in mice. | (135) | |
| Melatonin mROS and reduces ovarian aging. | (138) | |
| Fragile X premutation reduces mitochondrial number and quality in oocytes and GCs, and reduces fertility. | (151) | |
| Low expression of mitofusin-1 or -2 causes mitochondrial damage and POI. | (152, 153) | |
| Mitochondrial fission regulating GTPase DRP1 deficiency reduces oocyte quality. | (154) | |
| Single-cell RNA-seq identifies mitochondrial stress in oocyte aging. | (155) | |
| Mitochondrial UPR gene CLPP is required to maintain ovarian follicular reserve. | (156) | |
| Bovine | Resveratrol improved ATP production from bovine oocyte and GC complexes from early antral follicles, and improved overall quality of oocytes. | (136) |
| Resveratrol supplementation enhanced SIRT1 protein expression and improved oocyte quality and fertilization. | (137) |
Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine 5′-triphosphate; ERα, estrogen receptor alpha; ESR1, estrogen receptor 1 gene; ET, estrogen therapy; GCs, granulosa cells; IR, insulin resistance; IVF, in vitro fertilization; mROS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; POI, primary ovarian insufficiency; POLG, polymerase gamma mitochondrial DNA (D257A) mutator; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNA-seq, RNA sequencing; SIRT1, sirtuin-1; UPR, unfolded protein response.