Table 4.

Standardized effects of physical function, dental status and oral function on GOHAI with correlated errors

Outcomes	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect	R2 (%)
Functional teeth				15.1%
Xerostomia→ Functional teeth	-0.11***	−	-0.11***
Occlusal condition				14.0%
Xerostomia→ Occlusal condition	0.09**	−	0.09**
Dysphagia				9.2%
Functional teeth → Dysphagia	0.10	−	0.10
Occlusal condition→ Dysphagia	0.11	−	0.11
Xerostomia → Dysphagia	0.20***	-0.001	0.20***
Masticatory performance				38.2%
Functional teeth→ Masticatory	-0.43***	−	-0.43***
Occlusal condition→Masticatory	0.13*	−	0.13*
Xerostomia→ Masticatory	0.06*	0.06***	0.12***
GOHAI				13.6%
Functional teeth → GOHAI	0.03	0.03	0.06
Occlusal condition → GOHAI	-0.03	-0.03*	-0.05
Dysphagia → GOHAI	-0.12***	−	-0.12***
Masticatory → GOHAI	-0.09*	−	-0.09*
Xerostomia → GOHAI	-0.20***	-0.04***	-0.24***

The covariates including age, gender and education

R²: the variance of endogenous variables that is explained

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001