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. 2020 Dec 1;20:576. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02988-0

Table 1.

Socio-demographic and migration characteristics of the included participants (N = 252)

Variable n % or mean (SD)
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age, years (mean, SD) 28.7 (7.3)
Sex, male 252 100.0
Marital status
  Married 65 25.8
  Single/other 187 74.2
Having children
  Yes 65 26.0
  No 185 74.0
Education, years (mean, SD) 8.0 (5.1)
Education level
  Illiterate 45 18.0
  Primary School/ junior high school 122 48.8
  High School 60 24.0
  University degree and above 23 9.2
Country of Origin
  Pakistan 121 48.0
  Africa 87 34.5
  other 44 17.5
Religion
  Muslim 201 82.7
  Other 42 17.3
Pre- Migration characteristics
Occupational status
  Unemployed 34 13.9
  Employed 199 81.2
  Students 12 4.9
Reason for migration
  Terroristic threats 60 23.8
  Family/Community problems 47 18.7
  Political problems 31 12.3
  Religious problems 17 6.7
  Other threats 37 14.7
  Other 13 5.2
  Unknown data 47 18.7
Family’s agreement for departure 172 72.0
Living conditions
  Alone 12 4.8
  With partner (+/−children) 57 23.0
  With parents 143 57.7
  Other 36 14.5
Migration characteristics
Time after departures, years (mean, SD) 3.3 (3.2)
Route of arrival
  Balkan 108 42.9
  Easter Mediterranean 27 10.7
  African Mediterranean 83 32.9
  Other 34 13.5
Post-Migration characteristics
Detention during migration 88 37.4
Length of stay in Italy, months (mean, SD) 14.1 (22.9)
Legal status
  Subsidiary permission 30 11.9
  Humanitarian permission 35 13.9
  Refugee status 44 17.5
  Rejected request 106 42.1
  Dublin Convention 8 3.2
  Awaiting 17 6.7
  Unknown data 12 4.8
Social support
  At least good 171 67.9
  Fair 61 24.2
  At most poor 20 7.9