Table 2.
Crude and adjusted ORs of severe COPD exacerbation associated with current use of different class of oral hypoglycemic agents
| Cases (n = 2700) | Controls (n = 9272) | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | Model 1 Adjusted ORa |
Model 2 Adjusted ORb |
|||
| Current use, no, (%)c | |||||
| Metformin | 1105 (40.9) | 4654 (50.2) | 0.75 (0.68–0.84) | 0.81 (0.73–0.91)d | 0.85 (0.75–0.95)d |
| Non-metformin | 741 (27.4) | 2348 (25.3) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 1181 (43.7) | 4772 (51.5) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) |
| Non-sulfonylureas | 665 (24.6) | 2230 (24.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitors | 199 (7.4) | 774 (8.4) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) |
| Non-α-glucosidase inhibitors | 1647 (61.0) | 6228 (67.2) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| TZDs | 123 (4.6) | 566 (6.1) | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.87 (0.71–1.08) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) |
| Non-TZDs | 1723 (63.8) | 6436 (69.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 181 (6.7) | 645 (7.0) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.09 (0.90–1.34) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) |
| Non-DPP-4 inhibitors | 1665 (61.7) | 6357 (68.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Meglitinides | 241 (8.9) | 651 (7.0) | 1.44 (1.23–1.69) | 1.18 (0.998–1.40) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) |
| Non-meglitinides | 1605 (59.4) | 6351 (68.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
OR, odds ratio; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI confidence interval; No., Number; TZD, thiazolidinedione; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DM, diabetic mellitus
a Adjusted for all covariates with standardized difference > 0.1 in Table 1
b Adjusted for all covariates with standardized difference > 0.1 in Table 1 and DM therapy regimen in the 180 days prior to the index date
c Current use was defined as the end date of the most recent prescription falling in the 30 days prior to the index date
d p < 0.05