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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2011;194:145–165. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00010-8

Table 5.

Summary of selected intracortical microstimulation studies

Citation Model system Electrode type Reporter of efficacy Current range applied Frequency (Hz) Impedance range 1 kHz Damage?
Murphey and Maunsell (2008) Macaque Platinum/iridium, single electrode Behavioral task (visual) Up to 50 μA 200 0.2–1.5 MΩ No
Murphey and Maunsell (2007) Macaque Platinum/iridium, single electrode Behavioral task (visual) 3–12 μA 200 0.2–1.5 MΩ No
McCreery et al. (2010) Feline Activated iridium, 16 microelectrode array N/A 10–20 μA 50 Not reported Yes
McCreery et al. (2002) Feline Activated iridium, 16 microelectrode array Evoked potentials in medulla 0–32 μA 50 0.2–1.5 MΩ No
Graziano (2005) Macaque Tungsten, single microelectrode Arm movements 5–100 μA 100–250 1–2 MΩ No
Graziano et al. (2002) Macaque Tungsten, single microelectrode Arm movements Up to 150 μA 200 0.5–2 MΩ No
Tehovnik et al. (2003) Macaque Platinum/iridium, single microelectrodes Behavioral task (visual) Up to 30 μA 200 1–2 MΩ No
Tehovnik et al. (2002) Macaque Platinum/iridium, single microelectrodes Behavioral task (visual) Up to 40 μA 200 1–1.5 MΩ No
Romo et al. (2000) Macaque Platinum/tungsten, seven microelectrodes Behavioral task (flutter discrimination) 65–100 μA 50–200 1–1.5 MΩ No
Romo et al. (1998) Macaque Platinum/tungsten, seven microelectrodes Behavioral task (flutter discrimination) 65–100 μA 50–200 1–1.5 MΩ No
Rousche and Normann (1999) Feline Platinum, 96 electrode Utah Electrode Array Behavioral task (auditory) 100 μA 25–2000 30–149 kΩ No
Torab et al. (2011) Macaque SIROF, 96 electrode Utah Electrode Array Behavioral task (visual) 0–96 μA 200 40 kΩ−2 MΩ No
Bradley (2004) Macaque Iridium, 192 electrode array Behavioral task (visual) 12–20 μA 200 80 kΩ−1.6 MΩ No
Bak et al. (1990) Human Iridium, arrays of 1–3 electrodes Verbal report (visual percepts) 20 μA-2 μA 100 Not reported No
Schmidt et al. (1996) Human Iridium, 12 single electrodes, 13 paired electrodes Verbal report (visual percepts) 1–80 μA 200 Not reported No

The stimulus amplitudes and parameters applied in this study were similar to those used in other microstimulation experiments which evoked sensory percepts. Shown are sample studies for comparison.