Table 2.

Prevalence and Geographical Occurrence of Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in Macaque Host Species.

Country	Findings	Reference
Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang & Kuala Lipis	145 M. fascicularis blood samples were collected. In Pahang, P. knowlesi was detected in 6.9% of samples. In Kuala Lipis, 77 M. fascicularis blood samples were collected. P. knowlesi was detected in 7.3% of samples.	[67]
Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, Perak and Johor	103 M. fascicularis blood samples were collected. In Pahang, P. knowlesi prevalence among M. fascicularis was 26.5%. In Perak, P. knowlesi prevalence among M. fascicularis was 3.8%. In Johor, P. knowlesi prevalence among M. fascicularis was 2.6%.	[71]
Kapit Division of Malaysian Borneo	108 macaque blood samples were collected. In 83 M. fascicularis, 82 were positive for plasmodia infection. P. knowlesi prevalence was 87%. In 26 M. nemestrina, only 21 were positive for plasmodia infection. P. knowlesi prevalence was 50%.	[21]
Selangor, Malaysia	70 M. fascicularis blood samples were collected. P. knowlesi prevalence among M. fascicularis was 60%. Four out of 35 had mono-infection of P. knowlesi. Co-infection with multiple simian Plasmodium species occurred in 65% of samples.	[74]
Thailand	In 93 blood samples collected from three macaque reservoir hosts, P. knowlesi prevalence was 2.5%. It was detected only in M. arctodes.	[72]
Loas	276 M. fascicularis samples were collected from various regional populations across Southeast Asia. One P. knowlesi infection was detected in Laos. The prevalence of P. knowlesi in across the Southeast region was 0.4%.	[75]
Thailand	Retrospective analysis of blood films from M. fascicularis from 2006-2009. Prevalence of P. knowlesi has increased within M. fascicularis across the Northern-western, Eastern and South provinces of Thailand.	[10]
Gulf of Thailand	In 195 Macaca fascicularis, 5.7% were infected with P. knowlesi, and in 449 Macaca nemestrina, 2.3% were infected with P. knowlesi.	[76]
The Philippines, Palawan island	95 M. fascicularis blood samples were collected. P. knowlesi was detected in 19% of cases.	[69]
Singapore	65 peri-domestic and 92 wild macaques blood samples were collected. It was found that the former group was uninfected, while 71.7% of the sampled wild macaques were positive for at least one simian-malaria parasite species. P. knowlesi had a prevalence of 68.2% among the infected wild macaques.	[70]