Table 4.
Self-reported mental wellness status of the study participants according to the family bonding quartiles.
| All Participants (N = 1542) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles | Q1 (3 8 6) | Q2 (3 8 5) | Q3 (3 8 5) | Q4 (3 8 6) | Model |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P |
| Score | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | O.R. (95% C.I.) | |||||
| Anxiety | 105 (27.2) | 95 (24.7) | 81 (21.0) | 68 (17.7) | a | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)* | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.008 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0)* | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)** | 0.03 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.7 (0.45–0.1.0)* | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)** | 0.03 | |||||
| Depression | 88 (22.8) | 69 (17.9) | 54 (14.0) | 49 (12.7) | a | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.5 (0.3–0.7)** | 0.4 (0.3–0.6)** | <0.001 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)** | 0.4 (0.3–0.6)** | <0.001 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)* | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.4 (0.3–0.6)** | <0.001 | |||||
| Insomnia | 73 (18.9) | 47 (12.2) | 55 (14.3) | 58 (15.0) | a | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)* | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.09 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0)* | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.17 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0)* | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.21 | |||||
| Males (N = 726) | ||||||||||
| Quartiles | Q1 (181) | Q2 (182) | Q3 (181) | Q4 (182) | Model |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P |
| Score | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | O.R. (95% C.I.) | |||||
| Anxiety | 44 (24.3) | 41 (22.7) | 47 (25.8) | 30 (16.5) | a | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)* | 0.04 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.09 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.12 | |||||
| Depression | 31 (17.1) | 29 (16.0) | 27 (14.8) | 35 (19.2) | a | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.99 (0.6–1.8) | 0.22 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 1.02 (0.6–1.8) | 0.35 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 1.10 (0.6–2.1) | 0.47 | |||||
| Insomnia | 32 (17.7) | 21 (11.5) | 24 (13.3) | 34 (18.7) | a | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 1.08 (0.6–1.9) | 0.10 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.09 (0.6–1.9) | 0.17 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.09 (0.6–2.0) | 0.14 | |||||
| Females (N = 816) | ||||||||||
| Quartiles | Q1 (204) | Q2 (204) | Q3 (204) | Q4 (204) | Model |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P |
| Score | 2.91 ± 0.3 | 3.55 ± 0.1 | 3.95 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | O.R. (95% C.I.) | |||||
| Anxiety | 59 (28.9) | 55 (27.0) | 41 (20.1) | 32 (15.7) | a | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)** | 0.02 |
| b | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.03 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.03 | |||||
| Depression | 55 (27.0) | 39 (19.1) | 24 (11.8) | 20 (9.8) | a | 1.0 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.3 (0.2–0.6)** | 0.2 (0.1–0.4)** | <0.001 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* | 0.3 (0.2–0.6)** | 0.2 (0.1–0.5)** | <0.001 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6)** | 0.2 (0.1–0.5)** | <0.001 | |||||
| Insomnia | 39 (19.1) | 26 (12.7) | 30 (14.7) | 27 (13.2) | a | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.33 |
| b | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.8 (0.48–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.40 | |||||
| c | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4–1.2) | 0.9 (0.49–1.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.42 | |||||
Note: Model (a) unadjusted, (b) adjusted for age, (c) adjusted for age + socio-demographic characteristics;*denotes significance at 0.05 level; **denotes significance at 0.01 level; Significant at p < 0.05.