Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics | Exposed Female Quarry Workers (N = 256) | Controls (n = 256) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Age (years) | 43.26 ± 10.82 | 44.07 ± 9.41 | 0.38 |
| Working years | 2.92 ± 4.55 | 8.35 ± 7.06 | <0.001 |
| Daily work duration (hours) | 12 ± 0.00 | 9.41 ± 1.43 | <0.001 |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Education, primary/secondary | 245 (95.7) | 197 (76.9) | <0.01 |
| High school or higher | 11 (4.3) | 59 (23.1) | |
| Smoking status, Yes | 2 (0.8) | 9 (3.5) | 0.033 |
| No | 254 (96.2) | 247 (96.5) | |
| Alcohol intake, Yes | 37 (14.5) | 31 (12.1) | 0.435 |
| No | 219 (85.5) | 225 (87.9) | |
| Lung auscultation, Abnormal | 83 (32.4) | 09 (3.5) | <0.01 |
| Normal | 173 (67.6) | 247 (96.5) |
Notes: n, sample size; SD, standard deviation.