TABLE 3.
Odds ratios and 95% CIs for the association between LDL cholesterol, other CVD risk factors and elevateda AS in youth with T1D and T2D
| N with elevated AS | CVD risk factor estimate OR (95% CI)b | CVD risk factor P value | LDL-C [1-SD increase (22.0 mg/dL for type 1 and 29.8 mg/dL for type 2)] OR (95% CI)b | LDL-C P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes (N = 1376) | |||||
| Model 1c LDL-C |
116 | - | - | 1.28 (1.05, 1.54) |
.013 |
| Model 2: M1 + WHtR (per 0.05) |
116 | 1.72 (1.44, 2.05) |
<.0001 | 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) |
.174 |
| Model 3: M1 + MAP (per 5 units) |
116 | 1.63 (1.38, 1.92) |
<.0001 | 1.26 (1.03, 1.53) | .022 |
| Model 4: M1 + HbA1c (per 1unit) |
116 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) |
.4783 | 1.26 (1.04, 1.53) |
.018 |
| Model 5: M1 + microalbuminuriad (N = 1348) |
114 | 1.12 (0.59, 2.13) |
.7189 | 1.28 (1.06, 1.55) |
.011 |
| Model 6: M1 + IS (per 1 unit) |
116 | 0.75 (0.68, 0.84) |
<.0001 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.37) |
.237 |
| Type 2 diabetes (N = 157) | |||||
| Model 1c: no added risk factor | 77 | - | - | 1.16 (0.82, 1.63) |
.401 |
| Model 2: M1 + WHtR (per 0.05) |
77 | 2.50 (1.83, 3.41) |
<.0001 | 1.33 (0.88, 2.01) | .183 |
| Model 3: M1 + MAP (per 5 units) |
77 | 1.50 (1.16, 1.95) |
.0021 | 1.17 (0.82, 1.65) |
.390 |
| Model 4: M1 + HbA1c (per 1 unit) |
77 | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) |
.2217 | 1.26 (0.87, 1.83) |
.216 |
| Model 5: M1 + microalbuminuriad (N = 153) |
76 | 1.49 (0.65, 3.38) |
.3446 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) |
.283 |
| Model 6: M1 + IS (per 1 unit) |
77 | 0.43 (0.31, 0.58) |
<.0001 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.25) |
.367 |
Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; WHtR, waist to height ratio; MAP, mean arterial pressure; ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; IS, insulin sensitivity score.
Cut point for elevated AS is based on 90th percentile from SEARCH CVD control group as a pulse wave velocity >6.8 m/s.
Odds ratios were calculated based on a 1-SD increase in LDL-C cholesterol (22.0 mg/dL for type 1 and 29.8 mg/dL for type 2), on 0.05 increase in WHtR, on 5 units increase in MAP, on presence of absence of microalbuminuria defined as above, and on 1 unit increase in IS score.
Model 1 includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, and DM duration. All models are also adjusted for clinical site.
Microalbuminuria was defined as ACR ≥ 30 (positive) vs <30 mg/dL (negative).