Table 2.
The prevalence of problematic use of mobile phone
| Author | Scale | Population | Age range/mean (SD) of the statistical population | Sample size | Sampling method | Prevalence rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khazaei et al., 2012[50] | Cell Phone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009) | Students of Birjand City | 15-20 years | 637 | Cluster sampling | 1.2% addiction 3.4% severe 95.% moderate |
| Khazaeib et al., 2013[49] | Cell Phone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009) | Students of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch | Mean: 22.16 SD: 3.39 |
312 males: 200 Females: 112 |
Systematic random sampling | 1.9% addiction 7.4% severe 90% moderate |
| Khazaeia et al., 2013[51] | Cell Phone Addiction Scale (Koo, 2009) | Students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences | Mean: 17.5 SD: 1.75 |
697 males: 280 Females: 417 |
Systematic random sampling | 0.9% addiction 6% severe 93% moderate |
| Mansourian et al., 2014[41] | Mobile Phone Addiction Index (Leung, 2007) | Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences | Not explicated | 405 males: 135 Females: 270 |
Stratified sampling method | 25.4% severe 50.4% moderate 24.2% low |
| Yahyazadeh et al., 2016[53] | Smartphone Addiction Scale (Kwon, 2013) | Nursing students of Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran | Mean: 21.47 SD: 7.12 |
150 | Quota cluster method | 9.3% addiction |
| Akbari et al., 2016[29] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | Students of Neyshapour University of Medical Sciences | Mean: 20.4 SD: 1.6 |
230 93 males 137 females |
Not reported | 8.7% high 80.5% moderate 10.8% low |
| Atadokht 2016[58] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | Students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University | Mean: 21.45 SD: 2.41 |
400 200 males 200 females |
Cluster random sampling | 5.5% high 81.5% moderate 13% low |
| Sayyah et al., 2016[27] | Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (Bianchi and Phillips, 2005) | Students of Ahvaz Joundishapour University of Medical Sciences | Not reported | 195 95 males 100 females |
Cluster random sampling | 18.5% high 67.2% moderate 14.4% low |
| Babadi-Akashe et al., 2014[30] | Questionnaire of behavior associated with mobile phone use (Hooper and Zhou, 2007) | Students of Shahrekord Payame Noor University, Islamic Azad University, and University of Medical Sciences | Not reported | 296 students 57.10% male, 49.90% female |
Randomly | Habitual behaviors (21.49%), addiction (21.49%), intentional (21.49%) |
| Mazaheri et al., 2014[43] | Mobile phone Addiction Index (Leung, 2008) | Isfahan University of Medical Sciences students | Mean: 20.96 SD: 2.32 |
1180 students 65.5% female 34.5% male |
Convenience | Addiction 56.2% for female 64.5% for male |
| Norouzi Parashkouh et al., 2016[48] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | High school students in Rasht | Mean: 16.28 SD: 1.01 |
581 students 53.5% female 46.5% male |
Stratified sampling method | 103 (7/17%) high 451 (6/77%) moderate 27 (6/4%) low |
| Barati et al., 2016[40] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | Students living in dormitories at the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences | Mean: 21.3 SD: 2.1 |
300 students 60% female 40% men |
Stratified sampling method | 32% high 26.8% moderate 41.2% low |
| Alavi et al., 2016[32] | Semi- structure Interview for Mobile Phone Addiction Diagnosis | students of Tehran universities | Mean: 24.06 SD: 4.8 |
250 students 51.2% female 48.8% male |
Not reported | 13% were addicted |
| Mohammadbeigi et al., 2016[55] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | students of Qom University of Medical Sciences | Mean: 21. 8 SD: 3.2 |
380 students 69.5% female 30.5% male |
Proportional stratified sampling | Over-use=10.7% |
| Eyvazlou et al., 2016[28] | Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (Jenaro et al., 2007) | Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) students in five universities of medical sciences in the North East of Iran | Mean: 20.4 SD: 1.6 |
450 students 64% female 36% male |
Not reported | 4.6% Overuse 84.6% moderate 10.8% low |
| Pourrazavi et al., 2014[44] | Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (Bianchi and Phillips, 2005) | Universities students in Tabriz | 18-33 years | 476 students 285 females 190 males |
2-stage random sampling | 128 (26/9%) over users 52.3% (67/128) male |
SD=Standard deviation