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. 2020 Sep 23;3(2):e16639. doi: 10.2196/16639

Table 2.

Heart rates observed at inspiration and expiration, synchronized respiratory sinus arrhythmia measure (RSAsync), and relative synchronized expiration/inspiration ratio (HR-I:Esync), split by age groups and feedback mode (spontaneous and deep breathing). Data are reported as median (IQR).

Age group (years) HRa inspiration (bpmb) HR expiration (bpm) RSAsync (bpm) HR-I:Esync


Spontaneous Deep
breathing
Spontaneous Deep
breathing
Spontaneous Deep
breathing
Spontaneous Deep
breathing
5-7

82.5
(73.3-88)
95.5
(89.0-100.8)
80.7
(75.4-88.0)
73.2
(65.6-77.3)
–2.8
(–5.5 to 1.2)
22.0
(12.2-24.1)
0.97
(0.95-1.01)
1.30
(1.19-1.35)
8-10 79.2
(73.3-88.6)
90.3
(81.5-101.9)
80.3
(73.3-88.3)
72.2
(64.5-82.5)
–0.4
(–1.9 to 3.3)
18.3
(13.9-23.3)
0.99
(0.98-1.05)
1.28
(1.19-1.36)
11-13 88.6
(76.4-104.9)
105.1
(95.8-109.4)
90.5
(77.9-103.6)
81.0
(72.2-90.8)
0.0
(–4.7 to 3.4)
18.8
(13.2-29.1)
1.00
(0.96-1.05)
1.21
(1.14-1.41)
14-17 82.4
(74.6-92.7)
98.9
(92.4-109.6)
88.3
(77.2-90.6)
80.8
(74.5-87.5)
–2.1
(–3.4 to 0.3)
19.8
(14.6-22.2)
0.98
(0.95-1.00)
1.24
(1.16-1.30)

aHR: heart rate

bbpm: beats per minute