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. 2020 Nov 27;15:9499–9514. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S276606

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Physicochemical characterizations of AuNPs and their uptake in TM3 Leydig cells. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of AuNPs. Scale bars = 50 nm. (B) Particle size of AuNPs measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). (C) Representative TEM images of TM3 cells after 24-h exposure of AuNPs (5 μg/mL). AuNPs were mainly entrapped in the endosome/lysosome but not in the nucleus (N). In addition, they may induce autophagy and were present in some autophagosomes (AP). The concentration (D) and time (E) dependent uptake of AuNPs in TM3 cells determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). TM3 cells were incubated with different concentrations of AuNPs for 24 h, or with 5 μg/mL AuNPs for different periods of time, respectively. Results are shown as mean ± SD (n=3). ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.