Scatter plot of the average of multi-model median results (y axis) versus observationally derived results (x axis) for (a) CDNC (Nd) (cm−3; in red for updraft velocity w = 0.3 ms−1 and in green for updraft velocity w = 0.6 ms−1); (b) CCN at supersaturation 0.2% (gray) and CCN at maximum supersaturation (blue) with available data (cm−3). To fit the scale all CCN number concentrations at maximum supersaturation (blue symbols) have been divided by 2. Panel (c) is as panel (a) but for smax (%). The letters close to the symbols indicate the station names (C – Cabauw, F – Finokalia, H – Hyytiälä, J – Jungfraujoch, M – Mace Head, N – Noto Peninsula, P – Puy de Dôme, V – Vavihill, Z – Melpitz).