Figure 1.

The canonical hallmarks of aging, its accompanying chronic diseases and potential interventions. Aging is characterized by a set of typical hallmarks, including genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, telomere attrition, deregulated nutrient sensing, stem cell exhaustion, and cellular senescence. During natural aging, the incidence of age‐related pathologies increases in a progressive manner, most of which implicate cellular senescence. Therapeutic avenues involving genetic, dietary, or pharmacologic approaches have emerged as potent intervention strategies to prevent or ameliorate aging symptoms, although with different mechanisms. Given that the aged population in a global range is drastically increasing and that aging outstands as the greatest risk factor for the vast majority of chronic diseases responsible for both morbidity and mortality, it is critical, urgent and sagacious to expand geroscience aimed at improving human healthspan. Note, the course of organismal aging is indeed accompanied by various natural activities such as revolution of planets in the universal setting, day and night (exemplified as symbols at the corners of the circle). Part of the figure (mainly the circle) is adapted with permission.^{[ 164 ]} Copyright year 2020, CellPress.