Table 6. Summary of vitality outcomes across studies ordered by sub-category, then by standardized measure.
| Sub-Category | First author (year) | Standardized Measure | Outcomes (relative to comparison condition) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy/Vitality | Donovan (1994) | SF-36 | — Vitality (—pre-4mo, control*) |
| Lundqvist (2018) | SF-36 | — Vitality (pre-3mo) | |
| Shintani (2010) | SF-36 | — Vitality (control) | |
| Vincent (2017) | SF-36 | ↑ Pep (pre-3mo*,—pre-6mo,—pre-12mo) | |
| Vincent (2017) | SF-36 | ↑ Energy (pre-3mo*,—pre-6mo,—pre-12mo) | |
| Vincent (2017) | SF-36 | ↓ Worn out (pre-3mo†, pre-6mo*, pre-12mo†) | |
| Vincent (2017) | SF-36 | — Tiredness (pre-3mo, pre-6mo, pre-12mo) | |
| Guest (2006) | POMS | ↑ Vigor (pre-3mo**, pre-12mo**) | |
| Guest (2006) | POMS | ↓ Fatigue (pre-3mo**,—pre-12mo) | |
| Craft (2007) | EFS | — Energy/Fatigue (control) | |
| Sleep | Guest (2006) | GHQ-30 | ↑ Sleep (pre-3mo**, pre-12mo**) |
| Rodriguez (2018) | PROMIS SD | — Sleep disturbance (control) |
↑, Increase/Higher;
↓, Decrease/Lower;
***, p ≤ 0.001;
**, p ≤ 0.01;
*, p ≤ 0.05;
†, p > 0.017 but < 0.10.
Standardized Measures: SF-36, RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; POMS, Profile of Mood States Scale; EFS, Energy/Fatigue Scale; GHQ-30, 30-item General Health Questionnaire; PROMIS SD, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Adult Short Form 6A.