Table 1.

Summary of High-risk and Drug Resistance Genomic Alterations in Multiple Myeloma.

Disease stage	High-risk feature	Chemoresistance	References
SMM	Complex rearrangements	not known	#64
SMM	APOBEC signature	not known	#82
SMM	DNA repair pathway mutations	not known	#87
SMM	MYC alterations	not known	#87
SMM	MAPK mutations	not known	#87
SMM	IGH-MYC translocations	not known	#89
MM	APOBEC mutational signatures	Not known	#85
MM	Driver gene mutations	Not known	#112
MM	Mutations, CNAs, translocations	Not known	#113
MM	TP53 and IGLL5 mutations, λ-chain translocations, high-LDH	Not known	#117
MM	t(4:14), t(14;16), del(17p)	Not known	#118
MM	IGL translocations	Not known	#119
MM	TP53 inactivation; amp(1q) + ISS3	Not known	#122
MM	TP53 mutations, amp(1q), t(4:14), t(14;16), del(17p)	Not known	#124
MM	XBP1 mutations/downregulation	Bortezomib	#31
MM	Mutations, Complex rearrangements, CNAs	PIs/IMiDs	#121
MM	Proteasome subunits mutations/downregulation	PIs	#125,126
MM	TJP1 downregulation	Bortezomib	#127
MM	CRBN pathway mutations	IMiDs	#128–130
MM	MAPK mutations	BRAF-MEK inhibitors	#132–134
MM	Antigen gene deletion	BCMA CAR-T cells	#143
MM	CD55/CD59 downregulation	Daratumumab	#144
MM	BCL2-axis gene deregulation	BCL2 inhibitors	#139,146–149

BCMA = B cell maturation antigen, CAR = chimeric antigen receptor, CNAs = copy number aberrations, IMiDs = immunomodulatory drugs, ISS = International Scoring System, LDH = lactate dehydrogenase, PIs = proteasome inhibitors.