Figure 4. Effect of aging and ACA on the cardiac lipidome.

Young animals used for the aging comparison were 4 months of age, and old animals were 22 months (n = 8 per sex for each group). Individual lipid species changed significantly with age and/or ACA treatment after correction for FDR. Data for old control mice and old control mice treated with ACA are presented in relation to the log₂ fold change (Log2FC) when compared with the average of young control animals. Points denote the average Log2FC change, and data are presented as mean ± SEM. (A) Lysophospholipids (LPCs) were significantly decreased with aging in both sexes, and this effect was reversed in males treated with ACA but not females. (B and C) Age-associated changes in fatty acid species and a subset of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were also reversed in males but not females. (D) Glycerolipids (DAGs and TAGs) were significantly reduced with ACA treatment but were not changed with age.