Figure 4. VINAS knockdown regulates NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Mouse ECs were transfected with VINAS gapmeRs and activated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Phosphorylation of IκBα (A, n = 3), p38 MAPK (B, n = 4), and AKT (C, n = 3) was assessed by Western blot. Data represent the mean ± SD. Statistical differences were calculated using 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.