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Abbreviated mechanism of the conversion of L-δ-aminoadipoyl-l-Cys-D-Val (ACV, green) to isopenicillin N (IPN) catalyzed by IPNS. The crystal structure of the NO-bound complex (right, PDB: 1BLZ), a mimic of the HAT-initiating ferric superoxide intermediate, demonstrates how the protein-enforced orientation of the iron-bound substrate results in productive reactivity.
