Table 4.
Summary of articles that related safety culture to infection prevention and control (IPC) processes or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
| Study design and sites | Total number of studies | Number measured safety culture | Number attempted to statistically associate safety culture and IPC process or HAI | Number identifying a statistically significant association between safety culture and IPC process or HAIs | Number concluding safety culture influenced IPC process or HAI or that safety culture improved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qualitative; single site | 1 | 1 | n/a | n/a | 1 |
| Qualitative; multiple sites | 3 | 3 | No | n/a | 3 |
| Cross-sectional; single site | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cross-sectional; multiple sites | 16 | 16 single time | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| Quality improvement initiative; single site | 16 | 5 multiple times | – | – | 16 |
| Quality improvement initiative; multiple sites | 12 |
1 single time 6 multiple times |
3 | 2 | 11 |
| Quasi-experimental research; single site | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Quasi-experimental research; multiple sites | 5 |
2 single time 3 multiple times |
5 | 2 | 3 |
| Total | 55 | 39 | 26 | 21 | 51 |