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. 2020 Dec 1;8(12):e22098. doi: 10.2196/22098

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©Ichiro Nakamoto, Ming Jiang, Jilin Zhang, Weiqing Zhuang, Yan Guo, Ming-Hui Jin, Yi Huang, Kuotai Tang. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 01.12.2020.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Core mechanisms and diagram of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) framework. HER-SYS: Health Center Real-time Information-sharing System on COVID-19; MHLW: Ministry of Heath, Labor and Welfare.