Table 4.
The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in other organs I/R.
| Tissues | Models | Species | Cell dysfunction | Expression | lncRNA | miRNA | mRNA | Function | Mechanism | Relationship | Prediction tool | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatic | I/R in rats and BRL-3A cells under H/R treatment | Rats | Apoptosis | ↑ | Gm4419 | miR-455 | SOX6 | Knockdown of Gm4419 alleviated I/R-induced liver damage and alleviated H/R-induced apoptosis | Could sponge miR-455 | NR | miRDB; TargetScan | [122] |
| IRI in mice and mice primary hepatocytes under H2O2 treatment | Mouse | Autophagy | ↑ | HOTAIR | miR-20b-5p | ATG7 | Knockdown of the expression of HOTAIR attenuated autophagy induced by hydrogen peroxide | Function as ceRNA for miR-20b-5p | NR | TargetScan; starBase | [127] | |
| HI/R in mice and HL7702 under H/R treatment | Mouse | Apoptosis | ↓ | MEG3 | miR-34a | Nrf2 | MEG3 overexpression could improve hepatic function of HIR mice, and markedly decreased the expression of serum ALT and AST | Functioned as a ceRNA for miR-34a | NR | DIANA tools | [123] | |
| IRI in mice and BNL-CL2 cells under H/R treatment | Mouse | Apoptosis | ↑ | AK054386 | miR-199 | CHOP | Increased expression of AK054386, which might be mediated by activated NF-κB, resulted in sustained ERS and increased cell apoptosis and death in hepatic IRI mouse and cellular models | Acted as a ceRNA of miR-199 | NR | RNA22 | [124] | |
| Renal | I/R in mice and HK-2 cells under H/R treatment | Human; mouse | Apoptosis | ↑ | GAS5 | miR-21 | TSP-1 | GAS5 facilitated apoptosis in renal I/R injury | Competitively sponging miR-21 | RC | n/a | [134] |
| IRI in rats and HK-2 cells under OGD/R treatment | Rats | Inflammation; apoptosis | ↑ | TUG1 | miR-449b-5p | HMGB1; MMP2 | TUG1 silencing attenuates I/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis | miR-449b-5p was a direct target of TUG1 | NR | starBase | [137] | |
| HK-2 cells under H/R treatment | Human; rat | Apoptosis | ↑ | NEAT1 | miR-27a-3p | n/a | Repression the expression of NEAT1 decreased CoCl2-induced injury in HK-2 | NEAT1 was a direct target of miR-27a-3p and miR-27a-3p was a direct target of NEAT1 | RC | TargetScan; starBase; http://microRNA.org |
[136] | |
| IRI in mice | Mouse | Proliferation | ↑ | MALAT1 | miR-139-5p | SPRR2F, SPRR1A, MMP-10 | Noncoding RNAs MALAT1 and miR-139-5p were involved in IRI | n/a | NR | n/a | [133] | |
| IRI in rats and HK-2 cells under H/R treatment | Human; rats | Apoptosis | ↑ | LINC00520 | miR-27b-3p | OSMR | Knockdown of LINC00520 reduced acute renal injury both in vitro and in vivo | LINC00520 binds to miR-27b | NR | Cytoscape software | [139] | |
| AKI in rats and HK-2 cells under CoCl2 treatment | Human; rats | Proliferation; apoptosis | ↑ | XIST | miR-142-5p | PDCD4 | Knockdown of PDCD4 rescued the effects of CoCl2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells | miR-142-5p was a target of XIST | NR | Bioinformatic analysis | [138] | |
| Testicular | IRI in mice and GC-1 spermatogenic cells under OGD/R treatment | Mouse | Apoptosis; proliferation | ↑ | MALAT1 | miR-214 | TRPV4 | MALAT1 promotes cell apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo | Directly binds to miR-214 | NR | LncBase experimental v.2 database | [145] |
| Intestinal | IR in mice | Mouse | Proliferation | n/a | H19 | miR-675 | ZO-1/E-cadherin | H19 overexpression resulting in the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier | Serving as a precursor for miR-675 | PR | n/a | [148] |
| Retinal | IRI in mice and newborn mouse primary RGCs under ischemic treatment | Mouse | Apoptosis | ↑ | Mbd2-AL1 | miR-188-3p | Traf3 | Mbd2-AL1 mediates I/R-induced RGC apoptosis | Sponged miR-188-3p | NR | RegRNA | [142] |
| I/R in mice and neonatal mouse primary retinal microglia and RGCs under OGD/R treatment | Mouse | Pyroptosis; apoptosis; inflammation | ↑ | H19 | miR-21 | PDCD4 | Increased lncRNA-H19 expression significantly promotes NLRP3/6 inflammasome imbalance and results in microglial pyroptosis, cytokine overproduction, and neuronal death | Functioned via sponging miR-21 | NR | n/a | [143] | |
| Spinal cord | I/R in rats and SH5Y-SY cells under OGD/R treatment | Rat | Apoptosis | ↓ | CasC7 | miR-30c | Beclin1 | Knockdown of CasC7 could promote cell apoptosis and downregulate miR-30c target gene expression | Functioned as a miR-30c decoy | NR | n/a | [146] |
| IRI in rats and HN neuronal cells under OGD/R treatment | Rat | Apoptosis | ↓ | MALAT1 | miR-204 | Bcl2 | Knockdown of MALAT1 increased cell apoptosis | Overexpression of MALAT1 downregulated miR-204 | NR | n/a | [147] |
↑: the upward arrow indicates increased expression of lncRNAs; ↓: the downward arrow indicates decreased expression of lncRNAs; n/a: not applicable; NR: lncRNAs negatively regulate miRNAs; PR: lncRNAs positively regulate miRNAs; RC: reciprocal correlations between lncRNAs and miRNAs; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; AKI: acute kidney injury; H/R: hypoxia-reoxygenation; ceRNA: competing endogenous RNA; MALAT1: metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; TUG1: taurine-upregulated gene 1; Mbd2-AL1: methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2-associated long noncoding RNA 1; GAS5: growth arrest specific 5; MEG3: maternally expressed gene 3; HOTAIR: HOX transcript antisense RNA; NEAT1: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1; CasC7: cancer susceptibility candidate 7; TRPV4: transient receptor potential vanilloid 4; SPRR2F: small proline-rich protein 2F; SPRR1A: small proline-rich protein 1A; MMP-2/10: matrix metalloproteinase-2/10; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; HMGB1: high-mobility group box 1; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma-2; Traf3: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3; XIST: X chromosome inactivation; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; TSP-1: thrombospondin 1; ZO-1: zonula occludens 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; ATG7: autophagy-related gene 7; Bax: B-cell lymphoma protein 2- (Bcl2-) associated X; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma protein 2; SOX6: sex-determining region Y box 6; OSMR: oncostatin M receptor β.