Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and healthy controls in the discovery and validation cohorts.
| Items | Type 1 diabetes in discovery cohort (n = 6) | Type 1 diabetes in validation cohort (n = 23) | Healthy controls in discovery cohort (n = 6) | Healthy controls in validation cohort (n = 36) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.00 ± 15.55 | 32.45 ± 15.39 | 32.5 ± 9.8 | 28.3 ± 6.4 | |
| Sex (male, %) | 33.33% | 26.09% | 33.33% | 33.33% | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.77 ± 1.51 | 21.93 ± 3.10 | 19.7 ± 1.0 | 20.1 ± 1.2 | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 11.57 ± 4.47 | 9.49 ± 4.80 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 10.13 ± 2.61 | 4.22 ± 5.78 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | 13.2 ± 3.6 | |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 0.28 ± 0.23 | 0.46 ± 0.70 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | |
| HbA1c | 8.95 ± 1.97 | 8.67 ± 2.40 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.01 ± 0.44 | 4.36 ± 0.90 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.10 ± 0.83 | 1.02 ± 0.55 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.45 ± 0.47 | 1.46 ± 0.62 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.19 ± 0.22 | 2.47 ± 0.84 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.7 |