Table 1.

Prevalence of mental health problems in difference populations.

Mental health outcomes	No. of studies	Positive cases	Simple size	Pooled prevalence (%)	Heterogeneity I2 (%)	Q statistic	P value
Depression
Overall depression	64	42,876	125,121	31.4 (27.3–35.5)	99.6
General population	17	25,115	69,697	31.5 (24.2–39.2)	99.8	26.73	<0.01
Noninfectious chronic disease patients	2	72	161	44.8 (36.4–53.2)	16.0
Students	7	3,697	10,128	34.8 (16.4–55.9)	99.8
Physicians and nurses	23	13,360	41,889	31.0 (24.7–37.5)	99.5
Other medical staff	6	296	2,471	14.1 (7.4–22.4)	95.4
Quarantined persons	5	169	367	38.8 (19.7–59.9)	93.6
COVID-19 patients	4	167	480	41.7 (26.3–57.9)	90.3
Anxiety
Overall anxiety	69	41,498	128,855	31.9 (27.9–36.0)	99.6
General population	18	21,310	57,898	29.8 (21.5–38.8)	99.8	21.86	<0.01
Noninfectious chronic disease patients	3	99	185	55.4 (37.8–72.3)	82.7
Students	8	4,978	17,257	28.2 (16.8–41.2)	99.7
Physicians and nurses	23	14,312	50,143	29.0 (23.6–34.7)	99.4
Other medical staff	7	378	2,521	19.9 (12.4–28.6)	94.8
Quarantined persons	5	235	367	57.9 (34.4–79.7)	94.9
COVID-19 patients	5	186	484	42.3 (27.3–58.1)	91.5
Distress
Overall distress	14	23,147	67,950	41.1 (32.6–49.8)	99.6
General population	4	19,263	56,528	31.1 (25.8–36.8)	97.2	461.68	<0.01
Noninfectious chronic disease patients	2	110	232	49.1 (36.0–62.3)	73.5
Physicians and nurses	5	3,325	10,165	41.2 (19.8–64.5)	99.8
Other medical staff	2	194	769	17.3 (1.3–45.4)	98.1
Suspected infection	1	255	256	99.6 (98.3–100.0)	-
Insomnia
Overall insomnia	11	6,430	23,022	37.9 (29.9–46.2)	99.3
General population	1	1,317	7,236	18.2 (17.3–19.1)	-	196.64	<0.01
Students	1	79	1,031	7.7 (6.1–9.4)	-
Physicians and nurses	7	4,606	13,375	47.3 (38.8–55.8)	98.7
Other medical staff	2	428	1,380	31.8 (27.2–36.5)	37.5