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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2020 Nov 11;32(6):908–919. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.013

Figure 3. Tissue-Specific Adaptations of T Cells Goes beyond Cellular Metabolism.

Figure 3.

To survive within different tissues that harbor a variety of metabolites, Treg cells and effector T cells evolve new ways to adapt. cTregs (colonic Treg cells) and siTregs (small intestine Treg cells) sense and signal the AHR. Ligands that activates AHR induced expression of different target genes are key to survival within these tissues. Additionally, cTreg cells also sense colon-specific metabolites such as retinoic acid via the retinoid acid receptor (RAR). siTreg cells sense and respond to SCFAs via FFAR2-mediated HDAC signaling and SBAs via VDR signaling, both of which are critical for generation and survival of siTreg cells. CD4/CD8 Teff cells adapt to bile acids in the small intestine by efflux of bile acid (BA) via MDR1.