FIGURE 3.

Examples of the TEER of Caco-2 BBe cell layers as a function of time upon challenging with E. coli Hu 734 in the absence and presence of adhering bifidobacteria or adsorbed biosurfactants. Time zero corresponds with the initiation of the E. coli challenge. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean over three experiments with separately grown bacteria. (A) TEER of Caco-2 BBe cell layers during challenges with E. coli at different concentrations in suspension. (B) TEER of Caco-2 BBe cell layers with adhering B. breve (4 h) and subsequently challenged with E. coli. (C) TEER of Caco-2 BBe cell layers during challenges with E. coli prior to and after adsorption (1 h) of B. breve biosurfactants, including the TEER of epithelial layers with adsorbed biosurfactants in the absence of an E. coli challenge.