Table 1.
Age-adjusted characteristics of participants at study baseline (2002) by combined use of glucosamine and chondroitin in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS2 and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)
| NHS |
NHS2 |
HPFS |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucosamine+ Chondroitin No use (n=13775) |
Glucosamine+ Chondroitin Use (n=2921) |
Glucosamine+ Chondroitin No use (n=12795) |
Glucosamine+ Chondroitin Use (n=1526) |
Glucosamine+ Chondroitin No use (n=7127) |
Glucosamine+ Chondroitin Use (n=1393) |
|
| Age, years | 67.1 (6.7) | 67.3 (6.5) | 50.9 (3.8) | 52.0 (3.3) | 66.9 (8.1) | 66.8 (7.7) |
| Height, cm | 163.8 (6.2) | 164.6 (6.1) | 164.8 (6.6) | 165.5 (6.5) | 178.5 (6.7) | 178.9 (6.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4 (4.3) | 25.9 (4.5) | 25.6 (5.2) | 26.6 (5.7) | 25.7 (3.2) | 25.8 (3.0) |
| Family history of colorectal cancer, % | 17.9 | 16.7 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 12 | 10.5 |
| History of diabetes, % | 8.7 | 7 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 8 | 6.2 |
| Number of previous endoscopies | 2.7 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.0) |
| The most recent endoscopy, years | 3.9 (3.1) | 3.8 (3.0) | 3.4 (2.6) | 3.4 (2.6) | 4.1 (3.3) | 4.0 (3.3) |
| Reasons for endoscopy run | ||||||
| Screening, % | 72.2 | 73.3 | 69.9 | 71.5 | 78.0 | 82.5 |
| Symptoms, % | 22.8 | 22.1 | 27.3 | 25.6 | 13.1 | 12 |
| Missing, % | 5.0 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 9.0 | 5.4 |
| Postmenopausal hormone use | ||||||
| Premenopausal, % | 0.8 | 0.6 | 51.7 | 49.9 | - | - |
| Postmenopausal never use, % | 19.0 | 14.1 | 13.3 | 12.1 | - | - |
| Postmenopausal current use, % | 41.3 | 47.8 | 19.5 | 21.5 | - | - |
| Postmenopausal past use, % | 39.0 | 37.5 | 15.6 | 16.5 | - | - |
| Regular aspirin use, % | 36.9 | 39.9 | 13.4 | 17.6 | 59.5 | 62.8 |
| Regular non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, % | 24.6 | 30.2 | 33.5 | 45.2 | 22.8 | 32.9 |
| Current use of multivitamin, % | 68.9 | 81.5 | 64.6 | 81.9 | 65.5 | 81 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 5.9 (8.3) | 6.0 (8.1) | 4.2 (6.5) | 4.5 (6.7) | 11.2 (12.6) | 11.3 (12.1) |
| Ever smokers, % | 52.8 | 53.6 | 34.3 | 38.4 | 46.4 | 50.2 |
| Pack-years among ever smokers | 21.3 (19.7) | 18.6 (17.6) | 13.8 (11.2) | 13.6 (10.6) | 22.2 (17.5) | 20.0 (16.3) |
| Physical activity, MET-hours/week | 17.9 (16.1) | 19.9 (18.8) | 20.1 (19.5) | 22.3 (23.0) | 31.1 (22.4) | 37.4 (25.3) |
| Total calorie intake, kcal/day | 1714 (399) | 1742 (395) | 1801 (454) | 1832 (448) | 1982 (514) | 2003 (494) |
| Total calcium intake, mg/day | 1087 (340) | 1218 (341) | 1227 (411) | 1405 (423) | 969 (325) | 1104 (387) |
| Total Vitamin D intake, IU/day | 388 (175) | 458 (184) | 422 (201) | 520 (204) | 445 (215) | 543 (247) |
| Total folate intake, μg/day | 492 (163) | 559 (173) | 571 (200) | 661 (196) | 611 (219) | 718 (250) |
| Red and processed meat intake, servings/week | 5.5 (2.6) | 5.4 (2.6) | 6.1 (3.5) | 5.8 (3.5) | 5.9 (3.8) | 5.6 (3.7) |
| Dietary fiber intake, g/day | 18.6 (4.3) | 19.2 (4.3) | 19.7 (4.9) | 20.5 (4.8) | 22.9 (6.0) | 24.0 (6.0) |
| Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 | 52.9 (9.0) | 54.6 (9.2) | 52.6 (9.8) | 54.3 (9.9) | 55.5 (9.9) | 57.6 (10.1) |
Values are means (standard deviation) for continuous variables; percentages for categorical variables, and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population (except for age variable).
Values of polytomous variables may not sum to 100% due to rounding