Table 4.
Associations of glucosamine and chondroitin with serrated polyps in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS2 and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)
| OR (95% CI) | Serrated polyps |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHS | HPFS | NHS2 | NHS&HPFS | NHS&HPFS&NHS2 | |
| Baseline exposure | |||||
| Any glucosamine | |||||
| No. of cases (Yes/No)a | 350/1366 | 188/735 | 301/2066 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes-age adjustedb | 0.93 (0.83-1.05) | 1.00 (0.84-1.17) | 1.00 (0.88-1.13) | 0.95 (0.86-1.05) | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) |
| Yes-MVc | 0.93 (0.82-1.06) | 0.99 (0.83-1.18) | 0.99 (0.87-1.13) | 0.95 (0.86-1.05) | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) |
| Glucosamine+chondroitin | |||||
| No. of cases (Yes/No)a | 260/1456 | 157/766 | 222/2145 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes-age adjustedb | 0.89 (0.78-1.02) | 1.10 (0.92-1.31) | 1.00 (0.87-1.16) | 0.98 (0.80-1.21) | 0.98 (0.87-1.11) |
| Yes-MVc | 0.88 (0.76-1.01) | 1.10 (0.91-1.33) | 0.99 (0.85-1.14) | 0.97 (0.78-1.22) | 0.97 (0.86-1.10) |
| Consistent used | |||||
| Glucosamine+chondroitin | |||||
| No. of cases (Yes/No)a | 297/1443 | 156/811 | 197/2245 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes-age adjustedb | 1.07 (0.94-1.22) | 1.23 (1.03-1.47) | 1.11 (0.95-1.29) | 1.13 (0.99-1.29) | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) |
| Yes-MVc | 1.09 (0.95-1.24) | 1.22 (1.01-1.47) | 1.10 (0.95-1.29) | 1.13 (1.01-1.26) | 1.12 (1.03-1.23) |
| Updated exposuree | |||||
| Glucosamine+chondroitin | |||||
| No. of cases (Yes/No)a | 304/1413 | 178/756 | 255/2095 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes-age adjustedb | 0.95 (0.83-1.08) | 1.14 (0.96-1.34) | 1.04 (0.91-1.19) | 1.03 (0.86-1.23) | 1.03 (0.93-1.13) |
| Yes-MVc | 0.94 (0.83-1.08) | 1.13 (0.95-1.34) | 1.03 (0.90-1.18) | 1.02 (0.86-1.22) | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) |
Number of cases for glucosamine/chondroitin user (Yes) and nonuser (No).
Adjusted for age, time period of endoscopy, number of reported endoscopies, time since most recent endoscopy and reason for current endoscopy.
Additionally adjusted for height (continuous), body mass index (in quintiles), physical activity in metabolic equivalent tasks (in quintiles), family history of colorectal cancer (yes/no), history of diabetes (yes/no), pack-years of smoking (never, 1-4.9, 5-19.9, 20-39.9, 40+ pack-years), alcohol intake (<5, 5-9.9, 10-14.9, 15-29.9, 30+ g/d), regular use of aspirin (yes/no), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (yes/no), non-yogurt dairy intake(in quintiles), total calorie (in quintiles), folate (in quintiles), fiber (in quintiles), red and processed meat intake (in quintiles), calcium intake (in quintiles) and vitamin D intake (in quintiles), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (in quintiles).
Defined as individuals who reported glucosamine and chondroitin use in 2002 and 2006.
Defined as the most recently reported use of glucosamine and chondroitin prior to endoscopy.