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. 2020 Nov 20;23(12):101827. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101827

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Field-Relevant Concentrations of Imidacloprid Affects Rhythmicity in Isolated Bumblebee Foragers in 12 h:12 h Light:Dark Conditions

(A) Representative actograms for a Bombus terrestris forager on control food, or food containing 1 μg/L or 10 μg/L imidacloprid (IM).

(B) Proportion of foragers that were arrhythmic (RS ≤1.5) in LD for each treatment.

(C) Mean rhythmicity for either control foragers or those fed 1 or 10 μg/L imidacloprid, in LD conditions (F2,58 = 5.3, p = 0.008).

(D) Mean locomotor activity for foragers in each treatment group in LD conditions, during the day (F2,44 = 6.7, p = 0.003) and the night (F2,44 = 5.4, p = 0.008). Each data point represents a single bee, n = 19–22 bees for each treatment group.

Data are represented as mean ± SEM, ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, tested via 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons.