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. 2020 Nov 19;7:584561. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.584561

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Copyright © 2020 Meijerink, Kers, Velkers, van Haarlem, Lamot, de Oliveira, Smidt, Stegeman, Rutten and Jansen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of adult microbiota (AM) on T cells in broiler chickens. (A) Gating strategy after isolation of lymphocytes from IEL to analyze T cell subsets and γδ T cell activation. (B,F) Percentages of total γδ T cells, subsets (data not shown) and (C,G) γδ T cell activation by characterization of surface markers TCRγδ and CD107 during aging in (B–E) IEL and (F–I) spleen. (D,H) Percentages of cytotoxic T cell subsets using the surface markers CD8αα and (E,I) CD8αβ during aging. Mean + SEM of chickens is shown (n = 6), however, chickens were excluded from analysis when numbers of events acquired in the gate of interest were <100.