FIGURE 4.

Obstruction of the NPD induces alterations in VNO-mediated behavioral responses of males toward female signals. Mean duration of olfactory investigation in sham and blocked male mice presented with: (A) male/female conspecific urine, (B) male/female saliva, (C) predator bedding. Blocked mice presented significantly impaired preference for exploration of various chemosignals. (D) Significant increase in social investigation of an intruder female, in male mice with obstructed NPD (blocked) vs. controls (sham). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.