Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Reprinted from O’Neal JB, Shaw AD, Billings FT. Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: current understanding and future directions. Crit Care. 2016;20:187.9 © 2016 The Author(s), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ROS, reactive oxygen species; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.
